Arantxa Teacher

Algunas veces alguien dice algo y más tarde, tal vez queremos contarle a alguien lo que esta persona nos ha dicho.

Para cambiar un discurso del estilo directo al estilo indirecto, antes que nada, cabe definir el tipo de la oración  ante la cual nos encontramos en cada momento (declaración, pregunta, petición/orden, sugerencia, etc.). Cada una de ellas formará el estilo indirecto de un modo distinto.

Seguidamente procederemos a su modificación acorde al funcionamiento de cada una de ellas.

1. DECLARACIONES (STATEMENTS)

   1. SAY vs TELL: introduciremos la oraciones bien mediante el verbo say (sin objeto) o tell (con objeto)
      1. Pepito said (that) he was very happy.
      2. Pepito told me that he was very happy.
   2. CAMBIAREMOS EL TIEMPO VERBAL, GENERALMENTE A UNO ANTERIOR (CON SAID/TOLD).
      1. Pepito: I’m very happy. – Pepito said (that) he was very happy.
      2. Cuando usemos say o tell en presente, no será necesario el cambio.

TIEMPOS VERBALES

2. PREGUNTAS

   1. Para introducir preguntas, solemos usar el verbo ask (asked), pero también enquire, expresiones como “he wanted to to know…”
   2. DECIDIREMOS SI SE TRATA DE UNA PREGUNTA DE RESPUESTA YES/NO o UNA WH- QUESTION(RESPUESTA ABIERTA)
      1. -YES/NO – Are you at home? -Yes, I am.
      2. -What did you do yesterday? -I watched TV.
   3. CAMBIAREMOS EL TIEMPO VERBAL, GENERALMENTE A UNO ANTERIOR.
   4. La pregunta (Aux-S-V-O)pasará a adoptar una estructura afirmativa (S-V-O)

YES/NO QUESTIONS – IF/WHETHER + ESTRUCTURA AFIRMATIVA

Example: ‘Are you at home?’, asked Sam.

Sam asked if I was at home.

WH- QUESTIONS à WH- + ESTRUCTURA AFIRMATIVA

Example: ‘Are you at home?’, asked Sam.

Sam asked if I was at home.

3. ÓRDENES Y PETICIONES (COMMANDS AND REQUESTS) Verbos en imperativo.

   1. ORDERED/TOLD + OBJETO + INFINITIVO CON «TO». En esta modalidad no tenemos que cambiar el tiempo verbal, pero si el resto de elementos que sea necesario modificar.

EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO Y LUGAR

PRONOMBRES

Estudia estos ejemplos:

1. ‘I work in a factory’, she said to the interviewer. – She said to the interviewer (that) she worked in a factory.
2. ‘She works in a shop’. – She said she worked in a shop.
3. ‘We work in the best restaurant in town’, they told me. – They told me they worked in the best restaurant in town.
4. ‘It’s snowing’, Tom said – Tom said (that) it was snowing.
5. My friends told me: ‘you’re the best’. My friends told me (that) I was the best.

ALGUNAS REGLAS Y TRUCOS

1. Cambia siempre la 1ª persona según el “reporting pronoun”:
   1. ‘I work in a factory’, she said to the interviewer. – She said to the interviewer (that) she worked in a factory.
2. Cambia la 2ª persona según el “objeto”, es decir, la persona a la que se dirige el hablante (said to/told me/you/him/her/it/us/them).
   1. My friends told me: ‘you’re the best’. My friends told me (that) I was the best.
   2. My friends told him: ‘you’re the best’. My friends told him (that) he was the best.
3. No cambies nunca la 3ª persona.
   1. ‘She works in an shop’. – She said she worked in a shop.
   2. ‘They work in an shop’. – They said they worked in a shop.

REPORTING VERBS

 VERBOS + «THAT»

‘Let’s go to the cinema’. – David suggested that we go to the cinema.

‘We’re going to get married’ – They announced that they were going to get married.

VERBO + «THAT» O INFINITIVO CON «TO»

‘I decided that I would study more often’. – I decided to study more often.

VERBOS + «THAT» + (SHOULD) SUJETO + INFINITIVO SIN TO

‘I think that you should insist’. – She recommended that I (should) insist.

VERBOS + PARTÍCULA INTERROGATIVA + ORACIÓN

We explained them what to do.

VERBO + OBJETO + INFINITIVO CON «TO«

‘You shouldn’t smoke’ – He advised me not to smoke.

DESCARGA REPORTED SPEECH – ESTILO INDIRECTO, TU TEORÍA PARA LLEVAR